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    Machinedesign 5919 Personal Cnc Router 0 0
    1. Automation & IIoT

    Making a personal CNC router with closed-loop reliability

    June 1, 2004
    Stepper and driver package increases positioning and cutting speeds of small, personal CNC routers to that of much larger machines.
    Edited Kathy Franzinger
    Motionsystemdesign Com Engineering Basics Personal Cnc Router
    Case summary: Stepper and driver package increases positioning and cutting speeds of small, personal CNC routers to that of much larger machines.

    End User: ShopBot Tools Inc., Durham, N.C.

    Founded: 1996

    Employees: 30

    Engineering activity: ShopBot builds personal CNC routers, called Personal Robotic Tools (PRTs), for individual woodworkers in small shops or at production-line stations in bigger facilities.

    Design goals:
    • Increase positioning speeds from 200 to 300-ipm range to 1,500 to 2,000 ipm.
    • Increase cutting speeds to 500 to 600 ipm, as available in larger, more expensive CNC routers.

    Motionsystemdesign Com Engineering Basics Personal Cnc Router 1

    Proposed solution: Combine power and speed advantages of stepper motors with feedback advantages of servomotors. Use hybrid stepmotor and driver package to eliminate missed steps and provide closed-loop system reliability.

    Selection criteria:
    • Two-phase stepper motor delivers speed and precision, but feedback device constantly monitors motor shaft to detect and correct for loss of synchronism.
    • Closed-loop control only comes into play when a position deviation of 1.8° or higher is detected.

    Enabling technology: AlphaStep Series stepping motor and driver package from Oriental Motor USA Corp., Torrance, Calif.

    Design in action: The system works like a large XYZ plotter, with one AlphaStep motor on the Y and Z axes, and two on the X. Using CNC technology, the machine cuts wood and plywood to make furniture, signs, musical instruments, crafts, and boats.

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