Battery Basics

Nov. 8, 1996
A battery is a device that stores chemical energy and converts it to electrical energy on demand. It consists of two electrodes, a separator, an electrolyte, and some sort of casing

A battery is a device that stores chemical energy and converts it to electrical energy on demand. It consists of two electrodes, a separator, an electrolyte, and some sort of casing.

Connecting a load to the electrodes starts a chemical reaction that causes electrons to flow from the negatively charged electrode to the positively charged electrode. The electrical energy released may light up a flashlight, start a car, or run a portable computer.

Battery energy is measured in watt hours (Whr) and expresses how long the battery can sustain a given power output. Energy density, expressed in Whr/kg or Whr/l, is determined by electrode material, physics, and engineering practicalities. Key electrode properties include reaction efficiency, energy output, conductivity, safety, cost, and processibility.

Besides energy density, batteries are characterized by voltage, operating life, storage life, self-discharge, safety, ease of manufacture, output power, and cost. Unfortunately, optimizing one characteristic may come at the expense of another. For example, increasing output power often tends to reduce overall operating life.

© 2010 Penton Media, Inc.

Sponsored Recommendations

June 27, 2025
Ensure workplace safety and compliance with our comprehensive Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) Safety Training course. Learn critical procedures to prevent serious injuries.
June 27, 2025
Join our expert webinar to discover essential safety control measures and best practices for engineering a truly safe and compliant industrial environment.
June 25, 2025
An innovative aircraft with electric drives combines the best of both worlds. The cross between drone and helicopter could mean significantly faster and more efficient air emergency...
June 25, 2025
Effective when other materials fail, ceramics are particularly suitable for applications requiring wear and chemical resistance, sliding characteristics or biocompatibility. Discover...

Voice your opinion!

To join the conversation, and become an exclusive member of Machine Design, create an account today!