Rotary sensor helps keep pipeline pumping

June 6, 2013

A rotary angle sensor helps an electrohydraulic actuator control valves to help keep oil pumping through a Texas pipeline

Leland Teschler

Resources
Koso America, www.kosoamerica.com/

Novotechnik U. S., www.novotechnik.com

The rotary-sensor signal provides feedback to a controller which handles the electrohydraulic actuator. The actuator must respond within as little as a few hundred milliseconds to move ball valves spanning 12, 16, 20 in. or more.

The Electraulic actuator from Koso America, West Bridgewater, Mass., consists of two major components, the actuator itself (hydraulic cylinder, feedback circuit, and power module) and a control enclosure. The actuator sits on the pipeline valve, while the enclosure mounts some distance away. The Electraulic Power Module delivers oil to a hydraulic cylinder and includes a positioning electric motor, gear pump, valves, a hydraulic oil reservoir, heater, and thermostat.

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The Novotechnik angle sensor (top right) sits inside the Electraulic actuator to provide feedback of actual valve position. The actuator sits atop valves on the Texas pipeline.

The controller converts an incoming command into a target position. It uses the rotary angle sensor, an RSC 2800 model made by Novotechnik U. S., Southborough, Mass., to determine the real position. The difference between the target and real position is the error. Error above a certain level starts the electric motor to make a correction. Thus, the actuator only draws energy when a valve needs repositioning.

The sensor uses the orientation of a magnetic field from a magnet to determine the measurement angle. The magnet attaches to the sensor shaft, while an integrated circuit notes the magnetic field orientation. A 4-to-20-mA analog output signal represents the calculated angle. Pump vibrations don’t bother the noncontact sensor which gives a position resolution of 0.04% and a repeatable angle measurement within ±0.20°.

The electric motor drives a reversible hydraulic pump which can pressurize either side of a double-acting cylinder through what are called Flow Matching Valves. Each of these valves has a ported spool with a pilot-operated check valve.

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In the Electraulic actuator, the cylinder piston moves to the left when the pump rotates in the direction that pressurizes the valve labeled FMV-2 through port A2. The spool in FMV-2 becomes unbalanced by the pressure differential and moves to the left, lifting its check valve, opening port D2 to port B2 and port A2 to port E2. High-pressure fluid flows through Port E2 to the right side chamber of the cylinder. Because the hydraulic circuit is closed, the same amount of oil that flows into the right side of the piston must be extracted from the left side. This action allows oil movement without an active reservoir. This oil flows through an open check valve in FMV-2 and into pump suction. Rotating the pump in the opposite direction makes the FMVs operate in reverse to move the cylinder piston to the right. When the pump stops, check valves in both FMVs close, and the hydraulic oil gets locked within the cylinder. Thus the electric motor need not operate just to maintain position.

The actuators help control pipeline back pressure to ensure there is no cavitation as oil flows. Cavitation arises when the static pressure of the liquid falls below its vapor pressure. In the presence of cavitation, bubbles will collapse as they pass into regions of higher static pressure upstream towards the pump. This causes noise and vibration, which may damage the pump and diminish pumping capacity.

About the Author

Leland Teschler

Lee Teschler served as Editor-in-Chief of Machine Design until 2014. He holds a B.S. Engineering from the University of Michigan; a B.S. Electrical Engineering from the University of Michigan; and an MBA from Cleveland State University. Prior to joining Penton, Lee worked as a Communications design engineer for the U.S. Government.