The multilayer design uses a proprietary bonding process that builds internal fluid paths and chambers without solvents, adhesives, or gaskets. Integrated fluid paths minimize connections, internal volumes, and potential leak points. The manifolds can include surface-mount valves, pumps, sensors, fittings, and other components. The translucent material lets users view the fluidic channels. PFA material combines the properties of PTFE and FEP and is said to outperform both materials in continuous use.